III. Charts for Workshop 4

Chart 1

Evolution of Militarization

Stage 1 Elites’ Control	Elites Control Class Society Masses
Stage 2 People’s Response	Elites Uprising of People Challenge liberation movements student's uprising Masses labor movements peasant struggles
Stage 3 Militarization	Elites Militarization Confrontation Masses
Stage 4 Social Control	A Higher Stage of Militarization = Systematic Social Control the ultimate stage: no more visible militarization required with propagation of State Religion = modern idolatry New Developmentalism Consumerism Industrialization “Look East” policy

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Chart 2

Marketing of a State Religion

-New Developmentalism

(A) The widely propagated ideology og New Developmentalism (in ecplaining why growth and stagnation co-exist in Asia)

Therefore:

More rapid growth quicker solution of the stagnation by means of introducing:

1. more foreign investment

2. efficient management -government bureaucracy

-business sectors

3. population control

(B) Reality in 1980’s

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Chart 3

Covered Up By New Developmentalism

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Chart 4

Package Deal for Modernization (the supposed goal of New Developmentalism)

* A large scale production mechanism always requires a similarly large scale bureaucratic human organization to support the operation.

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Chart 5

Symbols of “Modernization”

	Bright Side (visible)	Dark Side (not visible unless careful)
Infrastructure	High-rise buildings, hotels. Etc. Express highways Airports for jumbo-jet Large scale dams	Relocation of residents on site = land grabbing Destruction of natural environment Loss of fishing ground and farm land Accidents Security checks
Industrial production Green Revolution	Large industrial complex Nuclear power plant Office computers Industrial robots Farm mechanization Use of farm chemicals Hybrid grains	Industrial pollution Work hazards and occupational decease Low wages and poor working condition Radioactive pollution Totally controlled labor Unemployment Popularization of farmers Poisoning, water and soil pollution Instability of crop
Militarization	Sophisticated weapons system	Threat to neighboring countries More casualties in counter-insurgency operations
Consumerism Consumer goods Loans	Cars, motorcycles, color TV sets, video sets Air conditioner Walkman, two in one Fast / instant food Synthetic detergent Credit cards Consumer’ loans Installment plans	Traffic accidents Frustrations created by ballooning unsatisfied Standardization of desire Health hazard and pollution Bankruptcy Over-purchasing
Entertainment	(Japanese) toys, comics, TV programmes, popular songs, TV games	Cultural imperialism

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Chart 6

Three phases of Poverty

For more comprehensive understanding of poverty

POVERTY - systematic deprivation of human rights for -survival

-well-being

- lack of instability of access to resources

Phase	Subject Affected	How	Lost	Results
(A) Personal sickness and poverty	Person Individual	Biologically, physically and mentally	Health and Personality	Death Starvation Injury Sickness
(B) Social Sickness and poverty	Community Collective Family Society	Spirituality	Human relations initiative and organizing and self-governing	Frustration Feeling of powerlessness Poor education Fear of insecurity
(C) Ecological sickness and poverty	Environment Ecology Nature	Poisoning Destruction	Eco-balance	Pollution Deforestation Desertification “Natural” disasters: floods, drought, etc.

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Chart 7

New Poverty Syndrome

-If not yet, coming soon…

Phase A Personal Poverty Syndrome

· Suicide

· Accidents -Traffics

-Occupational

-Others

· Cancer

· Geriatric diseases among youth and middle age

· Overweight

· “Junk Food”: Fast food chains -Mc Donald’s

-KFC, etc

Take out lunch chains

Pre-cooked and instant additives

· Drug overdose

· Toxic chemical poisoning

· Inadequate housing

· Alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking

Phase B Spcial Poverty Syndrome

· Unstable families

· Education – competitive schooling

Examination hell

Drop-outs

Violence at school

· Medical over-treatment and over-dose of medicine, doctorless villages

· Mental hospitals used as prisons for social drop-outs

· Unemployment of aged people

· Loan economy – credit cards, installment plans, etc.

· Over concentration problems

· TV Commercials

· Sex tours, commercialization of sex

· Highly controlled labor mobilization

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Phase C Ecological Poverty Syndrome

· Destruction of nature

· Pollution import/export

· Dumping of heavily toxic agricultural chemicals

· Radioactive pollution

· Large scale development schemes

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Chart 8

Youth as Primary Victims of Development and Militarization

Education	Highly competitive No schooling opportunity for many Over emphasis on technological education, neglect of social science, arts
Employment	Limited opportunity for getting employment, high rate of unemployment Exploited labor under poor working conditions Unhealthy service industries
Consumerism	Instant/fastfood Fashion Comics, toys TV programmes
Military Service	Youth drafted and used for militarization to fight against youth uprising
Human Rights Violation	Suppression of youth/student activism Young political detainees

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Chart 9

Women as Primary Victims of Development and Militarization

Education	Low female literacy Disregard for improving educational status of women Higher number of female drop-outs than male Sexist bias in education Educational forms reinforcing sexual stereotypes Sexual segregation in schools High cost of education lead women to prostitution
Employment	Female employment to augment family income Lower employment opportunities for women Higher rate of unemployment Unorganized Sexual harassment Overworked Lack of maternity and other benefits Lack of checks for children Double work
Consumerism	Sexual exploitation in advertisements and media Various pressures from society to buy more and more unnecessary household goods Western lifestyle alienating from own community
Military Service	Militarism and sexism Rape used as a weapon
Human Rights Violation	Sex specific forms of torture in jails Domestic violence on women Population planning