1


 

EDITORIAL

 

THE STRUGGLE FOR SELF-RELIANCE IN ASIA TODAY

 

The regional staff which met in Bangkok during late August last year decided to take seriously the theme first articulated by Asian delegates to the Federation's Addis Ababa  Assembly, then called "Theological Self-Reliance".  To express the more encompassing concerns of the theme, a new battle cry, as it were, has been formulated - "The Struggle for Self-Reliance in Asia Today".

The struggle for self-reliance is especially meaningful and rel­evant for Asia because of its past and present experience of domination, both in its overt and covert forms.  Swooping down at Asia at a time when the people of this huge continent were still politically innocent, economically undeveloped, and socially unsophisticated, the powers of the west tore the region apart, and each, taking his own share, possessed the land, the people, and started a long and pervasive history of coloni­zation  and oppression.

The colonization was so encompassing that the product was a consciousness in the Asian, which could not, and, sometimes, would not see beyond the pseudo-altruistic and pseudo-Christian motives of the invaders. For a long, long time even the educated ones did not perceive that it was for political hegemony that the west came and not to protect them; that it was to explore and utilize Asia's natural resources to feed the ever-hungry industrial mills of the west and not to develop the economy of the region for the amelioration of its people; that it was to exploit Asian manpower to supply cheap labor for the west's factories and not primarily to provide jobs for the teeming millions of the region; and that it was to complete the control that Asians have been taught, and taught hard, that their cultural heritages were inferior to those of the west.

Asians were so conditioned to this mental set that it was harder for them to see the shift in strategy of the conquerors when the age of colonialism was supposed to have passed.  For now, the colonizers have to use more subtle forms to perpetuate their dominion; in many cases, they use as "fronts" selected sons of the land" who would sell the

2

 

patrimonies of the people in order to fulfill personal ambitions and satisfy their greed for power and wealth. Neither is it easy for Asians to detect expansionistic motives beyond economic goods offered by homegrown Asian powers.

Christianity was also introduced in Asia as the "white man's religion". The Gospel was clothed in western thought forms and images and for a long time Asian Christians worshipped using western liturgy and music, listened to ser­mons with illustrations emanating from the experience of Christians in the west, and studied Bible Lessons prepared by churches in the west for their congregations.  The pattern was also found in theological seminaries where the few Asian theologians would do theology that was western-oriented and far re­moved from the realities and situations of the people.  As a result, Asian Christians could identify more readily with fellow Christians abroad than with their own people.

Clearly we can see that for any real liberation from all forms of op­pression and domination to take place, Asians - that is  farmers, workers, students, laborers, professionals, mothers, and even children - should first shed off the mentality of relying on outside forces, and build in themselves, a reliance on their own innate capacity, judgment, ability, and resource. They need to chart their own destinies but they can only do this if first they find their identity as those equal with others around the world. To do this, values and attitudes, which have been carefully instilled by the conquerors, would have to go.  Asians must be able to transcend their situa­tion - and transcendence is possible only if they develop self-reliance.

In the long and painful struggle from dependence to self-reliance, Asian Christians have to wrestle hard to see the relation of the liberating Gospel with their object condition.  As they live out their faith in direct relation to the life-and-death struggle of their people, they will be able to formulate a theology, which is not sterile and ivory-towerish, but one, which has taken the essence and form of Asian flesh and blood.  We categori­cally assert here that the Christian message of salvation and liberation through peace and justice is relevant for Asia today as it was for other countries at different stages in their history.  But, the Gospel must always be incarnated authentically.  That choice Christians must take; is the decision Christians in Asia today must make!

 

WITNESS FROM AN ASIAN PRISON

I told them that what I have tried to live for and what I hope I am ready to die for not just a genuinely free and democratic (nation), but also an authentically radical Christianity.

...Christianity - both institutionally and theologically— has hitherto been either out rightly with the established oppressors and has contented itself with a middle-of-the-road position....

...in situations of injustice and oppression (which even my interrogators admit still exist), the path of justice and freedom is not easy or pleasant.

 I rejoice, in fact, that my body is made to bear marks that will identify me more fully with the oppressed. The word can become literally flesh and blood.

 

FR. EDICIO DE LA TORRE, SVD

 

3

 

Self - Reliance Programs (1975 – 1977)

 

INTRODUCTION

This special issue features our Self-Reliance Programs.  We be­lieve that this is the most effective way of reaching three main targets:

1)  The national movements;

2)  Others who are struggling for self-reliance in Asia today; and

3)  Agencies and friends

The projects, as they now appear, are the expanded versions of the priorities brought into the Asia Committee last June by representatives from national movements.  Thus, they are not projects of the staff per se, but of the whole region.  In blowing up the priorities, the staffs were guided by realities on the Asian scene and the needs and challenges of the time; the framework in which SCMs exist and operate; i.e., they (the national movements) are not end to and by themselves but agents in the whole process of liberation through conscientization and politicalization. That as students and faculty, they are bound by a common mandate to commit themselves in helping make every Asian a whole man and every Asian nation a whole people.

It should be noted, moreover, that the underlying philosophy of work upon which the programs have been built is praxis: action-reflec­tion.  The workshops, leadership-training conferences, Asia Assembly 1976 are set up to provide those who are already living out their commitments in concrete situations opportunities to reflect together and to learn from each other.  This is why Project I, which is primarily aimed in identifying these people / groups and setting up a more closely, knit and effective net­work of communication among the grass root workers / organizers, is vital to the whole programme.  The staff hopes that it will be a continuing concern of the region.

 

PROJECT I:      COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK FOR GRASSROOT WORKERS

 

Objectives:

1.       To identify individuals and groups involved in the struggle for self-reliance in the region.

2.       To set up a network of communications among these individuals and groups.

3.       To gather data on their operations and work.

4.       To help build leadership among them through participation in leadership training programs and workshops on the national and regional levels.

5.       To help provide opportunities and resources for reflection and sharing of experiences with others in the same struggle.

6.       To create a supportive spirit and sense of solidarity among those in the struggle for peace and justice in Asia today.

 

4

 

Target:

1)       Peasants – farmers

2)       Workers - laborers in industry

3)       Students, faculty in academic communities

4)       Community organizers in slums and among minorities

5)       Political prisoners and their families

6)       Others

 

Program:

Surveys, reports, communications (newsletters, circulars, etc.)

 

Personnel / Resources:

1)       Staff to share in traveling to conduct initial survey and recording work

2)       National movements

3)       Institutions - schools, church – related agencies, etc.

4)       Contacts

 

PROJECT II:     REGIONAL LEADERSHIP TRAINING WORKSHOPS

 

Type A: ALDECS: SUB-REGIONAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTER

 

1.       The Asia Leadership Development Center has over the last few years been the focal point of Asia regional activity.  From a more trad­itional pattern of leadership training, ALDEC in 1975 has been planned to become a series of study and action programs in sub-regional situations that are geared towards a more long-term and in-depth involvement in key issues affecting the life of the region.  Participants in the 1975 ALDEC programs, therefore, are those involved in the study and reflection method (based on experi­ence) on a certain issue.  Towards the end of the year, they shall come together for collective reflection and setting up of further strategies.

2.       Suggested issues on which the four areas will center their programs:

a.       South Asia - “Poverty, Land and Population"

b.      South East Asia - “Students, Peasants, Workers"

c.       East Asia - “Militarism"

d.      South Pacific:     "Imperialism"

All areas will set a part of the program for reflection on the theme of "theological self-reliance".

3.       Although ALDECs in 1975 shall be generally sub-regionally based, since they are conceived as projects based around a particular area or concern, SCMers from one sub-region may join in the prog­ramme of another sub-region if they have done the necessary ground­work on the issue of their interest.  Cross-participation, however, is subject to budgetary conditions.

4.       Dates:    October-December 1975.

 

5

 

Type B  REGIONAL WORKSHOP FOR LEADERSHIP TRAINING

 

Objectives:

1.       To understand the relationship between the macro-micro views of development, e.g., the roles of foreign aid, foreign investment, multi-nationals (now called trans-nationals) – especially banks, war industry, militarism, land, population.

2.       To gain deeper insight into the theological and cultural bases and meanings of self-reliance.

3.       To share experiences and programs of action in the grass­roots and national levels.

4.       To learn more about intermediate technology.

5.       To experiment with cultural tools.

6.       To bring about regional cooperation and support.

 

Participants:

Grassroot organizers who can communicate in English, French, or Indonesian / Malaysian Bahasa.  At least one from each country in Asia.

 

Program;

Field trips, seminars, discussion groups, drama and arts.

 

Tentative Date:    (First workshop)

June / September   1975.

 

Location:

Thailand.

 

Duration:

3 weeks

 

Procedure in the selection of participants;

1.    Distribution of questionnaire to potential participants for necessary background data.

2.    Participants will come from those identified in Project I.

 

PROJECT III:                NATIONAL LEADERSHIP TRAINING CONSULTATIONS

 

Objectives:

1)       To share experiences in grassroots situations.

2)       To provide a follow-up for the regional leadership workshop.

3)       To initiate programs and actions on specific issues.

4)       To document proposals and actions taken and to provide ways and means for on-going research and studies on situation, projects and programs.

5)       To identify new people for regional leadership training.

6)       To prepare participants for Asia Assembly 1976.

 

6

 

Procedure:

National movements and groups together with participants in the regional leadership training workshop shall prepare, an outline of the national consultation stating the objectives (which shall be in consonance with the stated purposes above), the participants, the duration, the date and venue, and the program.  Also, a budgetary outlay, 50% of which will be shouldered by the national movement or participants. The Asia Office (if it does not exceed the ceiling, which will be set when funds have been assured) will subsidize the other 50%. Both program and budget proposals will be submitted to the Asia Office.

 

Dates:

January - March 1976.

 

 

PROJECT IV:    ASIA ASSEMBLY 1976

 

Theme:                         "The Struggle for Self-Reliance in Asia Today"

 

Background:


It has been quite sometime since Asian students, youth, and faculty identified with the World Student Christian Federation have been together in an assembly.  The last ones were those held in Ran­goon, Burma in 1958 on "The Life and Mission of the Church" and the sub-regional conferences organized on "Christian Presence" during the mid-60's.

There are many things Asians can share and gain together in a gathering in the mid-seventies.  During the immediate past, Asian societies have continued to experience various forms of convolutions and revolutions among and within nations.  We need not detail the litany of pressures and presences on the Asian scene, which have their effects on the political, social, economic, and cultural life of the people:  imperialism, militarism, multi-nationals, poverty, population, famine, wars of liberation, racism, discrimination against women, development strategies of all types.  Increasingly the churches, or groups within the church, are coming to grips with the meaning and the relevance of the Christian faith to the realities of and in Asian societies.

But, in order to get a more faithful and more representative analysis, insight, and reflection on the meaning of self-reliance as it relates to the quest and struggle of Asians for peace and justice for themselves and for the region, the call for an assembly should be addressed to all who are in the struggle:  students, facul­ty, youth, farmers, workers, and others.  The projected Asia Assembly then will be quite significant, at least, on two counts:

1.       It will attempt to bring together people representing   a real cross-section of Asians who are in the struggle; and

2.       It will attempt to bring together representatives from all of Asia.

 

7

 

Objectives:

1.       To provide a forum for Asian students, youth, faculty, farmers, workers and others for reflecting on the need for self-reliance on all aspects of their common life as Asians;

2.       To understand more deeply the relation of the Christian faith and other faiths in Asia to the commitment to and participa­tion in the struggle for peace and justice;

3.       To provide an opportunity to share experiences, life styles, and involvements among the participants, drawing from their participation in development / liberation programs and actions, the fruits of projects like ALDEC, FI, and inter-agency efforts with WCC, CCA, and other national groups oriented to­wards liberation.

4.       To evaluate and synthesize projects on self-reliance of WSCF Asia Region to provide a basis for planning for the thrust and programme for the next quadrennium.

5.       To help prepare delegates to the WSCF General Assembly in 1977 in Sri Lanka (tentative venue).

 

Participants:

 

A. Official delegates:

1) National movements                                                                                           15

(Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Fiji, Australia, New Zealand)

2) Other students, youth, faculty, farmers, workers                                                   24

(From countries of No. 1) and also from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, North Korea, China, Pacific Islands)

3) Regional Staff                                                                                                    4

_____

43

B. Guests and Observers:

1) International WSCF participants                                                                           6

(North America, Latin America, Africa, Middle East, Europe and Geneva)

2) Ecumenical participants                                                                                      6

(World Council of Churches, Christian Conference of Asia, Pax Romana, etc.)          ____

                                                                                                                             12

                                                                                                                 Total = 55

Tentative Date:

  April, May, or June   1976

 

Venue;

  Bangkok, Thailand or Hong Kong

 

Duration:

  One week

 

 

8

 

APPENDIX:      BUDGETARY OUTLAY FOR SELF-RELIANCE PROJECTS

 

Project I:           Communication Network for Grassroots Workers — US$ 6,000.

Project II:          Regional Leadership Training Workshops

Type A: ALDECs                       22,500

Type B: Regional Workshop       15,000

                                                                        37,500

Project III:         National Leadership Training Consultations               10,000

Project IV:         ASIA ASSEMBLY 1976                                            30,500

                                                                                                 ­­­­­________

                                                                              Total   US$84,000

                                            Less Appropriated – ALDEC        20,000

                                                                                         _________

                                 Total Balance to be raised     =         US$64,000